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List of free online lectures interesting for the community

• MPQ: Photonics I, Photonics II
  http://www.attoworld.de/education/lecturecourses.html

• FROG: Modern Physics, Optics, Ultrafast Optics
  http://www.physics.gatech.edu/gcuo/lectures/index.html

• UTDallas: Nonlinear Optics
  http://www.utdallas.edu/~cantrell/ee6328/lectures.html

• MIT: Ultrafast Optics, Optics
  http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/6-977Spring-2005/CourseHome/
  http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Mechanical-Engineering/2-71Fall-2004/CourseHome/index.htm

Virtual Book of Optics
(from linear to classical nonlinear and beyond)

Table of Contents

• Linear Optics

  1. Geometrical Optics

     1. Basics

        1. Optical rays

           1. The geometrical optics approximation

           2. Eikonal equation

           3. The concept of imaging

           4. stigmatic imaging

        2. Ray propagation

           1. Reflection

           2. Refraction (Snell’s equation)

           3. Total internal reflection (TIR)

           4. Fermat’s principle

           5. Reflectivity (Fresnel coefficients)

     2. Ray Tracing

        1. What is Ray Tracing?

        2. Paraxial approximation

        3. Prisms

           1. Reflection Prisms

           2. Dispersing Prisms

        4. Spherical interfaces

           1. Imaging

           2. Paraxial approximation

           3. Focal points

        5. Spherical lenses

           1. Thick lens

           2. Thin lens approximation

        6. Spherical mirrors

           1. Imaging

           2. paraxial approximation

           3. Focal points

        7. Imaging with thin lenses

           1. Cardinal Points

           2. Magnification

           3. Depth of field

     3. ABCD matrix

        1. The ABCD matrix method

           1. Translation matrix

           2. Refraction matrix

           3. Reflection matrix

        2. Matrix of an optical system

           1. Cardinal points

           2. Imaging using matrices

     4. Lenses, Mirrors, Optical systems

        1. Lens types

           1. Spherical lenses

           2. Cylindrical lenses

           3. Toroidal lenses

           4. Aspheric Lenses

        2. Mirror types

           1. Dielectric mirrors

           2. Spherical mirrors

           3. Cylindrical mirrors

           4. Toroidal mirrors

           5. Elliptical mirrors

        3. Image illumination

           1. Aperture stop

           2. F-number

           3. Field Stop

           4. Entrance-Exit pupil

           5. Entrance-Exit window

        4. Optical System benchmark criteria

           1. The perfect lens

           2. Numerical aperture

           3. Image resolution

              • Angular (Rayleigh)

              • Microscopy

           4. Modulation Transfer Function

           5. Field of View

           6. Depth of field and depth of focus

        5. Common optical systems

           1. Magnifying lens

           2. Microscope Objective

           3. Microscope

           4. Telescope

           5. Telecentric systems

     5. Aberrations

        1. Defining aberrations

           1. Ray aberration

           2. Wave aberration

        2. Monochromatic aberrations

           1. Seidel Primary aberrations

              • Spherical aberration

              • Comma

              • Astigmatism

              • Field curvature

              • Distortion

           2. Higher order aberrations

              • Zernike polynomials

        3. Chromatic aberrations

           1. Longitudinal and Transverse Chromatic aberration

           2. Sphero-chromatic aberration

        4. Correcting aberrations

           1. Achromatic lens

           2. Apochromatic lens

           3. Aspheric lens

  2. Wave Optics

     1. Wave desciption

        1. Harmonic waves

        2. Complex representation of waves

        3. Wavefront

     2. Wave propagation

        1. Huygens-Fresnel Principle

        2. Wave Equation

        3. Wave Velocity

           1. Phase velocity

           2. Group velocity

        4. Superposition of Waves

     3. Electromagnetic Theory

        1. Maxwell equations

        2. Material optical properties

           1. Index of Refraction

              • Dispersion

                1. Sellmeier equation

              • Absorption

              • Kronig-Kramers Relations

           2. Anisotropy

              • Dielectric tensor

        3. Propagating electromagnetic waves

           1. Poynting vector

           2. Intensity

        4. Polarization

           1. Polarization State

              • Linear polarization

              • Elliptical polarization

              • Circular polarization

           2. Degree of Polarization

           3. Description of polarization

              • Jones Vectors and Matrices

              • Strokes parameters and Mueller Matrices

           4. Anisotropy

              • Birefringence

                1. Birefrincent crystals

                2. Dielectric tensor

                3. Refractive index ellipsoid

                4. Wavefront surface

                5. Eigenpolarizations

              • Optical activity

                1. Optical rotation

           5. Physical mechanisms that affect polarization state

              • Polarization by scattering

              • Polarization by reflection

                1. Evanescent waves

              • Polarization by propagating in a crystal

           6. Polarization Devices

              • Wire grid polarizer

              • Dichroic crystals

              • Polaroid

              • Depolarizer

              • Crystal polarizers

                1. Glan Foucault

                2. Nicol

                3. Wollaston

              • Retardation Plates

              • Polarization Microscope

     4. Inteference

        1. Coherence

        2. interference conditions

        3. Types and localization of interference fringes

        4. Group velocity

        5. Typical interference examples

           1. Two wave interference

           2. multiple plane wave interference (interference lithography)

        6. Interferometers

           1. Wavefront splitting interferometers

              • Young’s experiment

              • Fresnel mirror

              • Loyd’s mirror

           2. Amplitude splitting interferometers

              • Equal inclination fringes (thin film interference)

              • Equal thickness fringes

              • Interference under multiple reflection

              • Michelson

              • Mach Zehnder

              • Sagnac

              • Twyman-Green

              • Fabry- Perrot

              • Two beam intereferometry

     5. Diffraction

        1. Calculating diffraction

           1. Helmloltz equation

           2. Kirchhoff diffraction theory.

        2. Fresnel Diffraction

           1. Fresnel number

        3. Fraunhofer Diffraction

        4. Typical diffraction examples

           1. Diffraction from a slit

           2. Diffraction from a rectangular aperture

           3. Diffraction from a circular aperture

           4. Array of diffracting apertures

           5. Diffraction gratings

        5. Diffraction and image quality

           1. Resolution

           2. Diffraction limited systems

     6. Gaussian Beams

        1. Gaussian Beam parameters

           1. beam waist

           2. Confocal parameter/Rayleigh range

           3. Radius of curvature

           4. Gouy Phase shift

           5. Complex beam parameter (q factor)

           6. Beam parameter Product

           7. M²Factor

        2. Matrix description and the q Factor

     7. Fourier Optics

     8. Holography

  3. Optical Modulation

     1. Electrooptic Effect

     2. Magnetooptic Effect

     3. Photoelastic Effect

     4. Acoustooptic Effect

  4. Lasers

     1. History

     2. How a laser works

        1. Stimulated emission – Spontaneous emission

        2. Optical Resonator

        3. Gain medium

     3. Modes of laser operation

        1. Continuous wave (CW)

        2. Quasi-continuous wave

        3. Pulsed

           1. Gain Switching

           2. Q-Switching

           3. Mode locking

           4. Q-switched mode locking

     4. Types of lasers

        1. Gas lasers

           1. Helium-Neon lasers

           2. CO₂ lasers

        2. Chemical lasers

        3. Excimer lasers

        4. Dye lasers

        5. Solid-Sate Lasers

        6. Fiber lasers

        7. Semiconductor lasers

        8. Free electron lasers

     5. Laser Pulse Duration

        1. Nanosecond lasers

        2. Ultrafast lasers

           1. Mode Locking technique

           2. Chirped-pulse Amplification

           3. Pulse Compression

           4. Picosecond lasers

           5. Femtosecond lasers

              • Titanium Sapphire lasers

     6. Pulse Characterization

        1. Pulse Repetition Rate

        2. Pulse Duration

           1. Ultrafast Photodiodes

           2. Optical Sampling

           3. Autocorrelators

           4. FROG

           5. SPIDER

        3. Pulse energy

           1. Powermeters

        4. Pulse Peak Power

        5. Pulse Chirp

           1. Measuring Chirp with FROG

        6. Pulse timing jitter

        7. Coherence

• Nonlinear Optics

  1. Non-linear Optical Susceptibility

  2. Nonlinear Polarization

  3. Wave Propagation in a Nonlinear Medium

  4. Frequency mixing processes

     1. Nonlinear frequency conversion

     2. Phase Matching

        1. Critical Phase Matching

        2. Noncritical Phase Matching

        3. Quasi-Phase Matching

     3. Second Harmonic Generation (SHG)

     4. Sum (SFG) and Difference (DFG) Frequency Generation

     5. Third Harmonic generation (THG)

     6. Optical Parametric Amplification (OPA)

     7. Optical Rectification (EOR)

  5. Phase Conjugation

  6. Third Order Susceptibility

     1. Optical Kerr effect

        1. Kerr Lens

     2. Self focusing

     3. Self phase modulation (SPM)

     4. Four-wave mixing

     5. Solitons

  7. Raman Scattering

  8. Brillouin scattering

  9. Nonlinear crystal materials

• Extreme Nonlinear Optics

  1. Multiphoton absorption

  2. Supercontinuum Generation

  3. Filamentation

  4. High-Order Harmonic Generation

  5. Attoscience

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